Understanding Migraine by Dr Winnie Lim Khoo, Neurologist

Migraine is a common health condition, affecting around one in every five women and around one in every 15 men. They usually begin in early adulthood. It is usually a moderate or severe headache felt as a throbbing pain on one side of the head. Some people may also have symptoms such as nausea, vomiting and increased sensitivity to light or sound.

It is often difficult to predict when a migraine attack is going to happen. However, you can often predict the pattern of each attack as there are well defined stages. It is these stages and their symptoms which distinguish a migraine from a headache. In adults, we can divide a migraine attack into four or five stages that lead on from each other:

• Premonitory phase
• Aura
• The headache
• Resolution
• Postdrome stage

The exact cause of migraines is unknown, although they’re thought to be the result of temporary changes in the chemicals, nerves and blood vessels in the brain. Around half of all people who experience migraines also have a close relative with the condition, suggesting that genes may play a role.

Some people find migraine attacks are associated with certain triggers, which can include:

• starting their period
• stress
• tiredness
• certain foods or drinks

Simple painkillers may be effective for migraine. However, be careful not to take too many painkillers as this could make it harder to treat headaches over time. You should see your doctor if you have frequent or severe migraine symptoms.